Cisco Network Services Orchestration (NSO) has a pretty comprehensive toolset to do configuration and service management in a very reliable manner, which includes model-based network-wide transactions, rollbacks, input data validation, etc. Service developers can extend this functionality even further with the traditional CI/CD approach to add pipelines with testing and deployment steps. A great example is Julio Gomez’s work, which is based on NSO, Ansible, and GitLab CI/CD pipelines. However, NSO has an embedded functionality to implement full CI/CD pipelines with the help of Nano services.